重组人表皮生长因子凝胶联合CO2点阵激光治疗增生性瘢痕的效果观察

目的观察重组人表皮生长因子凝胶联合CO₂点阵激光治疗烧伤及创伤后增生性瘢痕的临床效果。 方法选择2020年12月至2021年10月安徽医科大学第一附属医院烧伤与创面修复外科收治的20例增生性瘢痕患者，按照随机数字表法将患者分为联合治疗组及单纯激光治疗组，每组10例。术前均对2组患者术区进行拍照存像、消毒、擦干，局部均匀涂抹5%复方利多卡因乳膏后以无菌薄膜封闭保护60 min，擦去乳膏后再次消毒术区。术中使用CO₂点阵激光治疗仪对患者瘢痕部位进行扫描，根据患者增生性瘢痕厚度选定合适的机器参数，维持机器频率300 Hz及密度5%，在20～30 J调整能量参数的大小，时间间隔1 s，保证点阵矩形完全覆盖增生瘢痕，允许2次激光形成的热损伤矩阵之间存在25%面积的重叠。术后即刻冷敷创面60 min，冷敷结束至术后1周，单纯激光治疗组不外用任何药物，联合治疗组术区加用重组人表皮生长因子凝胶外用，3次/d。术后3 d治疗部位不碰水，若出现感染情况，可以加用抗生素软膏，点状损伤创面外痂皮未掉落完全时禁止擦洗创面，禁止直接剥除痂皮，禁止术区涂抹化妆品等，避免接受阳光直射。于第1次激光治疗后2个月进行第2次激光治疗，以2次CO₂点阵激光治疗为1个疗程，1个疗程治疗后间隔2个月待术区稳定后行疗效判断，计算2组患者治疗的总有效率；根据温哥华瘢痕量表(VSS)与患者与观察者瘢痕评估量表(POSAS)对患者治疗前、第1次激光治疗后2个月、第2次激光治疗后2个月瘢痕的各项指标进行评分。数据比较采用重复测量方差分析和χ²检验。 结果(1)治疗1个疗程后2个月，单纯激光治疗组与联合治疗组患者治疗的总有效率分别为80%(8/10)、90%(9/10)，2组间比较差异无统计学意义(χ²＝2.40，P＝0.49)。(2)对2组VSS评分的各项指标进行比较，其中疼痛、瘙痒、柔软度及厚度评分的组内及组间各时相点比较，差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前、第1次激光治疗后2个月及第2次激光治疗后2个月，单纯激光治疗组VSS评分中色泽评分分别为(1.9±0.7)、(1.9±0.1)、(1.8±1.0)分，联合治疗组分别为(2.9±0.7)、(2.8±0.6)、(1.9±0.7)分，2组在不同时相点组内比较，差异有统计学意义(F＝ 26.143，P<0.05)；2组组间不同时相点比较，差异有统计学意义(F＝6.753，P＝0.018)。治疗前、第1次激光治疗后2个月及第2次激光治疗后2个月，单纯激光治疗组VSS评分中血管分布评分分别为(1.8±1.0)、(1.7±0.7)、(1.5±1.0)分，联合治疗组分别为(2.6±0.5)、(2.5±0.5)、(1.7±0.8)分，2组在不同时相点组内比较，差异有统计学意义(F＝17.603，P<0.05)，2组组间不同时相点比较，差异无统计学意义(F＝ 2.538，P＝0.129)。(3)对2组POSAS评分的各项指标进行比较，其中厚度、粗糙度、柔软度和表面积评分的组内及组间各时相点比较，差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前、第1次激光治疗后2个月及第2次激光治疗后2个月，单纯激光治疗组POSAS评分中色泽评分分别为(4.9±2.6)、(4.1±0.8)、(3.5±2.0)分，联合治疗组分别为(7.6±1.1)、(6.8±1.4)、(5.4±1.8)分，2组在不同时相点组内比较，差异有统计学意义(F＝ 26.509，P<0.05)，2组组间不同时相点比较，差异有统计学意义(F＝ 8.973，P＝0.008)。治疗前、第1次激光治疗后2个月及第2次激光治疗后2个月，单纯激光治疗组POSAS评分中血管分布评分分别为(4.4±2.1)、(3.9±0.9)、(3.5±1.6)分，联合治疗组分别为(6.3±1.1)、(5.7±2.0)、(4.5±1.6)分，2组在不同时相点组内比较，差异有统计学意义(F＝ 20.118，P<0.05)，2组组间不同时相点比较，差异有统计学意义(F＝ 5.744，P＝0.028)。 结论重组人表皮生长因子凝胶联合CO₂点阵激光及单独使用CO₂点阵激光治疗增生性瘢痕均效果明确，但联合使用重组人表皮生长因子凝胶能有效促进创面愈合、改善瘢痕组织血管分布和减少局部色素沉着。     

Global colorectal cancer research, 2007-2021: Outputs and funding

The purpose of this study was to provide an evidence base for colorectal cancer research activity that might influence policy, mainly at the national level. Improvements in healthcare delivery have lengthened life expectancy, but within a situation of increased cancer incidence. The disease burden of CRC has risen significantly, particularly in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Research is key to its control and reduction, but few studies have delineated the volume and funding of global research on CRC. We identified research papers in the Web of Science (WoS) from 2007 to 2021, and determined the contributions of the leading countries, the research domains studied, and their sources of funding. We identified 62 716 papers, representing 5.7% of all cancer papers. This percentage was somewhat disproportionate to the disease burden (7.7% in 2015), especially in Eastern Europe. International collaboration increased over the time period in almost all countries except in China. Genetics, surgery and prognosis were the leading research domains. However, research on palliative care and quality-of-life in CRC was lacking. In Western Europe, the main funding source was the charity sector, particularly in the UK, but in most other countries government played the leading role, especially in China and the USA. There was little support from industry. Several Asian countries provided minimal contestable funding, which may have reduced the impact of their CRC research. Certain countries must perform more CRC research overall, especially in domains such as screening, palliative care and quality-of-life. The private-non-profit sector should be an alternative source of support.     

p53基因突变与骨髓增殖性肿瘤临床特征及预后关系

探究p53 基因突变与骨髓增殖性肿瘤（MPN）临床特征及预后的关系。方法 选取2017年1月～2020年1月本院收治的MPN患者126例，二代测序法检测患者p53 基因突变情况。对患者进行随访，统计患者总生存（OS）时间和累计生存率；分析p53 基因突变对患者临床特征、预后的影响。结果 126例MPN患者中12例（9.52%）检出p53基因突变，突变主要位于4~8号外显子上，不同类型患者的p53 基因突变检出率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。p53突变组患者年龄大于p53 非突变组，WBC水平低于p53 非突变组（P＜0.05），两组患者的染色体核型、IPSS预后分层比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；p53 非突变组患者的OS时间、累计生存率均明显高于p53突变组患者（P＜0.05）。结论 MPN患者p53 基因突变发生率较高，与患者年龄、WBC水平、异常核型及IPSS预后分层相关，p53 基因突变会影响患者的预后，可作为临床筛查预后不良高风险人群的客观指标。     

藏族药“杂赤”的品种 基原与标准整理

藏族药（以下简称藏药）“杂赤”又称“杂赤确”“杂赤巴帽卡”等，产于四川、西藏等地，是一种治疗肝胆疾病的常用藏药。通过梳理查阅有关文献与标准发现，“杂赤”可以按正品、副品（替代品）和类同品分类，也可以按黑、白品种分类。其基原包含菊科12属约30种植物，涉及风毛菊属、苦荬菜属、小苦荬属及岩参属植物，各属植物功能主治基本相同。“杂赤”的品种整理、质量比较、药用历史和现状总结能够为“杂赤”的合理使用提供参考。     

Automatic segmentation of thoracic CT images using three deep learning models

PurposeDeep learning (DL) techniques are widely used in medical imaging and in particular for segmentation. Indeed, manual segmentation of organs at risk (OARs) is time-consuming and suffers from inter- and intra-observer segmentation variability. Image segmentation using DL has given very promising results. In this work, we present and compare the results of segmentation of OARs and a clinical target volume (CTV) in thoracic CT images using three DL models.Materials and methodsWe used CT images of 52 patients with breast cancer from a public dataset. Automatic segmentation of the lungs, the heart and a CTV was performed using three models based on the U-Net architecture. Three metrics were used to quantify and compare the segmentation results obtained with these models: the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), the Jaccard coefficient (J) and the Hausdorff distance (HD).ResultsThe obtained values of DSC, J and HD were presented for each segmented organ and for the three models. Examples of automatic segmentation were presented and compared to the corresponding ground truth delineations. Our values were also compared to recent results obtained by other authors.ConclusionThe performance of three DL models was evaluated for the delineation of the lungs, the heart and a CTV. This study showed clearly that these 2D models based on the U-Net architecture can be used to delineate organs in CT images with a good performance compared to other models. Generally, the three models present similar performances. Using a dataset with more CT images, the three models should give better results.     

Novice nurses’ experiences from teamwork in the emergency department: A qualitative content analysis

Background and aimTeamwork is assumed crucial in nursing. Nevertheless, nursing shortages in medical centers have thus far compelled nurse managers to use novice nurses. The present study aimd to explaining the challenges and experiences of novice nurses regarding teamwork in emergency departments.Materials and methodsUsing qualitative content analysis, 11 novice nurses working at emergency department, participated in this study. Data were collected with semi structured interview and analyzed by Graneheim and Lundman.ResultsThe data analysis led to the emergence of four themes of “essential teamwork skills development”, “contradictory relationships between team members”, “unpleasant feelings and experiences”, and, “personal growth and maturation during teamwork”.ConclusionFostering different personal aspects as prerequisites for teamwork, novice nurses will be able to deal with unpleasant feelings and experiences as well as contradictory relationships between team members in an effective manner. This challenging experience will thus give rise to personal growth and maturation during teamwork among them in emergency department.